Robinson had a history of disputes with those who commissioned the Lee project, and they fired Borglum, who left the sculpture unfinished. Lee into the face of Georgia’s Stone Mountain. In August 1924, after the original sculptor he contacted was unavailable, Robinson contacted Gutzon Borglum, an American sculptor of Danish descent who was then working on carving an image of the Confederate General Robert E. He suggested Red Cloud, the Sioux chief who signed the Fort Laramie treaty, as a potential subject. Seeking to attract tourism to the Black Hills in the early 1920s, South Dakota’s state historian Doane Robinson came up with the idea to sculpt “the Needles” (several giant natural granite pillars) into the shape of historic heroes of the West. Anthony's head be included among the luminaries at Mount Rushmore but fell through due to a rider on the existing appropriations bill mandating that federal funds be spent only on those carvings already begun. When Rushmore asked a local man the name of a nearby mountain, he reportedly replied that it never had a name before, but from now on would be known as Rushmore Peak (later Rushmore Mountain or Mount Rushmore).ĭid you know? A bill introduced in Congress in 1937 proposed that a carving of Susan B. Rushmore, who traveled to the Black Hills in 1885 to inspect mining claims in the region. Mount Rushmore, located just north of what is now Custer State Park in the Black Hills National Forest, was named for the New York lawyer Charles E. The Black Hills (or Paha Sapa in Lakota) are particularly important to them, as the region is central to many Sioux religious traditions. confiscation of their ancestral lands and demanded their return. Ever since then, Sioux activists have protested the U.S. George Armstrong Custer in the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876), which federal troops eventually crushed in a brutal massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890. Warriors like Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse led a concerted Sioux resistance (including the latter’s famous defeat of Gen.
government began forcing the Sioux to relinquish their claims on the Black Hills. prospectors to flock there en masse, and the U.S. But the discovery of gold in the region soon led U.S. government promised the Sioux “undisturbed use and occupation” of territory including the Black Hills, in what is now South Dakota. In the Treaty of Fort Laramie, signed in 1868 by Sioux tribes and General William T.
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